What condition occurs when the inlet flow is less than the discharge?

When the inlet flow is less than the discharge flow in a hydraulic system, it can lead to cavitation. This phenomenon occurs when the pressure in the pump inlet drops below the vapor pressure of the fluid, resulting in the formation of vapor bubbles. As these bubbles move through the pump and enter a region of higher pressure, they collapse violently, potentially causing damage to the pump components, increasing wear, and leading to reduced efficiency.

Cavitation can be particularly problematic because it not only decreases the performance of the pump but also poses a risk to the integrity of the equipment. Understanding this condition is crucial for maintaining proper flow and pressure conditions within hydraulic systems. It emphasizes the importance of ensuring that flow rates are balanced and that suction pressure is adequately maintained to avoid entering a cavitation state.